Truco is a very popular game in South America. It stems from truc or Valencian Truque. The game consists of two different phases. In the first, players bet on the best card combination of the different hands (Flor and Envido) and in second, on the tricks played with these hands (Truco).

AIM OF THE GAME

To reach the 30 points, the first 15 bad points and the second 15 good points, necessary to win a Chico. The match is won when a team wins two Chicos. If a draw occurs with the first two Chicos, a third and final Chico is played.

DECK OF CARDS

It is played with a 40 card Spanish deck.

NUMBER OF PLAYERS

Two to eight players can play the game.

Two player games. One plays against the other.
Games with three players or a Gallo. This is the only case when there is an odd number of players. One of the players, the Gallo, plays against the other two. The Gallo has the privilege of drawing four cards in order to choose three and discard one, without showing it to their opponents. Estas partidas pueden jugarse de dos modos: a gallo fijo o a gallo por turno. En el primer caso, siempre es el mismo jugador el que compite contra los otros dos, que forman un fondo común con sus tantos. En el segundo, los tres jugadores se alternan en la función de gallo, que será el dador. En este caso, los tantos obtenidos por la pareja se anotan a cada uno de los que la componen en cada ronda.
Four player games. This is the most usual type of game. Two couples playing against each other. Six player games. The players form two groups of three, seated alternately around the table. All players take part in the first partial game, called Redondo or Redondilla. In the following round(s), called Pica/Pica or Pico a Pico, they play independently, with a single deck and a single deal, each player playing against their opponent seated opposite. The team to which a player who interferes in the game of others belongs, loses and has to return the points that they would have collected. The non-offending team will collect 4 points. When a team reaches 10 good points (25 points), it stops playing Pico a Pico, playing only Redondo. Some prefer to stop playing Pico a Pico as soon as one of the teams starts earn good points, i.e., when it has scored 15 points. When playing Pico a Pico, the Falta Envido is worth 6 points and the maximum that can be bet on the Contraflor is also 6 points, which means that the winner scores 12 points.
Eight player games. These games are rare but are played like those for six players, alternating the Redondo and Pico a Pico hands.

ORDER AND VALUE OF THE CARDS

The card order is used for the Truco and determines the winner of the trick. Card value is used for the Flor and Envido bets.

There are four special cards in Truco, known as “cartas bravas” (wild cards) and these are the highest in the pack. The rank of these cards, from highest to lowest, are: ace of swords (espadilla), ace of clubs (bastillo), seven of swords and seven of coins (wild sevens).

For the rest, the rank, from highest to lowest, is: threes, deuces, false aces (ace of coins and cups), black cards (kings, knights and jacks) false sevens (seven of cups and clubs), sixes, fives and fours.

The value of the cards, for Flor and Envido, is: black cards score 0 points each and the other cards, their pip values.

DEALING THE CARDS

Before beginning a game, cards are normally drawn to determine who will be the first to deal. The turn to be dealer is in rotating order, going anticlockwise.

The dealer shuffles the cards and the player to dealer’s left cuts the pack, not leaving three or fewer in the deck or taking three or fewer in the cut. No other player is allowed to cut the deck, nor more than one cut is permitted, they can, however, tap the deck without cutting it. Next, each player is dealt three cards, one at a time, starting with the player on the dealer’s right. If one of the cards falls face up, whoever receives it can choose to keep it or demand a new card.

GAMEPLAY

The player on the dealer’s right is the “hand” and has certain privileges in the game, as well as being the first to play. The last player in each team is the “foot”, who is usually the captain and controls the team’s gameplay. Each player studies their cards and, if they have Flor or good Envido, they inform their partner or team-mates by means of signals, while observing those of all the other players. The “hand” starts the game, announcing Flor, if they have it, betting Envido or playing one of their cards, but regardless of what they do, each player in turn also has these three options until a card is played, at which point the Truco phase of the game starts and it is no longer possible to bid Flor or Envido, although players can still respond to these. Once the bets have been settled, the cards are played to determine the winner of the Truco. After finishing this, the scores for the partial game are noted. A player or team is said to be fishing when they remain silent waiting for their opponents to be the first to bet or Truco in order to respond.

ANNOUNCEMENTS

The Flor and the Envido have to be announced during the first trick, and the Truco at any time during the hand. These announcements follow the order Flor, Envido and Truco and each player must respect this order. As Flor has to be announced first, if the first player does not have it and does not want to bet on Envido, they can play a card to initiate the Truco phase or even announce Truco before playing the card. Subsequent players can bet on Flor or Envido but before responding to the Truco bet, otherwise they lose the option to do so. When one of the players bets on Envido, the others have the opportunity to respond to that bet, even if they have played their first card, however, there are no more Envido bets after everyone has played their first card.

TRUCO HANDS

The three ways of scoring points in Truco are:

Flor

To bid and bet Flor it is necessary to hold three cards of the same suit. This hand is worth the sum of the value of the cards plus 20 points.

This hand is rare and the rules for betting on it are quite complicated. Because it depends mainly on the luck of the deal, most players prefer to play the game without it.

Players have to announce it if they have it in order to avoid a penalty, but are not allowed to announce it if they do not have it. The announcement must be made before playing the first trick or accepting any other type of bids from preceding players, leaving Truco suspended until the hand has been played. Having announced Flor, it is necessary to wait until the next players speak, since all announcements concerning Flor must be resolved before continuing the game. Those who have played the first trick are no longer permitted to do so.

When a player has three cards of the same suit they announce it by saying “flor”. If any other player has Flor, the team of the person with the highest Flor gets the points, plus 3 points for the Flor itself, plus 3 more for each Flor announced. The Flor is worth the sum of the value of the cards plus 20 points.

The best Flor is the five, six and seven of a suit, which is worth 38 points, and the worst, the one formed by black cards, scoring just 20 points. When a player announces Flor, opponents can make four possible responses:

Flor. Meaning that there is another Flor. The team with the best Flor wins 3 points for each one. It is also possible to respond to this Flor by announcing a Contraflor.

Con flor me achico. The player has Flor but concedes that the opponents will win. With this announcement Flor ends and the winning team scores the corresponding points. – Contraflor. Used to announce Flor and challenge the other side to respond again. Announcing Contraflor is worth 6 points (or 9 if there are 3 teams) to whoever has the best Flor.

Contraflor al resto. The player announces their own Flor and raises the bet to the amount needed by the team with the highest score to reach 30 points, plus 3 points for each Flor announced.

After announcing Contraflor, the opponents have three possible replies: Con flor quiero, used to accept the bet made; Con flor me achico, with which the one who announces Contraflor gets the point bet and accepted up until that moment; and Contraflor al resto. There are only two responses to this announcement: Con flor me achico and Con flor quiero. If the bet is accepted and the team leading wins, they also win the game. If the team with fewer points wins, they score the number of points that the leading team needed to reach 30 points, plus 3 points for each Flor announced.

When all the announcements regarding Flor have finished, the bets are settled. Each player, starting with the “hand”, announces the value of their Flor. If the Flor does not beat that announced by a preceding player, they can say “They are good”, admitting that they have lost the bet, unless of course a later player on the same team beats the announced Flor.

The player with the winning Flor has to show their cards before scoring the points.

At the end of the game, any player who suspects that another had Flor but did not announce it, can challenge them by asking or demanding Flor. To do this they say “I request Flor”. If the challenged player had Flor, the challenging team scores 3 points, plus all the points from the opponent’ hand, however, the challenged player shows two cards of a different suit, the challenged team scores 3 or 4 points.

Envido

Any player can bet or respond to an Envido bet. Both the bets and responses are made on behalf of the team. A player cannot bet on Envido after they have played their first card or after they have bet or accepted a Truco bet. If a player bets on Truco before an opponent says “envido”, that player can still reply to their Envido bet, only responding to the Truco bet after the Envido betting has finished.

If a player has two cards of the same suit, the hand is worth the sum of these two cards, plus 20 but if the three cards are different suits, the hand is worth the value of the highest card. Meaning that the highest Envido is worth 33 points and the lowest, three different black cards, is worth 0 points.

To bet on Envido it is necessary to say:

Envido. Worth 2 points
Royal envido. Worth 3 points
Falta envido. Worth the number of points that the leading team needs to win the game. Some players bet that the winning side will also win the game, even if they are behind in the score.

After the team has announced Envido or Royal Envido, the opposing team has five possible responses:

Okay. Accepting the last bet and closing the Envido betting.
Envido. Raising the bet by another 2 points.

Royal envido. Raising the bet by another 3 points.
Falta envido. The number of points needed by the leading team to win the game.
Not okay. Rejecting the last bet and closing the Envido betting. If the rejected bet was the first bet, the team that had made it wins 1 point. If there have been other bets, the team that has had their last bet rejected wins the points accepted up until then.

If the response to one of these two bets is Envido or Royal Envido, the new response is one the five mentioned, and the value of the bets goes up successively, until one of the two says Okay or Not Okay, which closes the Envido betting. With the bets finished, the players announce the value of their hands. When a player has a worse hand than announced by the other, they need not reveal what they hold and simply say “They are good”. The Envido is won by whoever has the most points. In the case of a draw, priority is given to the first one who bid. The winner of the Envido must show their cards before any points are scored. If winner is mistaken then the opposing team wins, even if they have worse Envido.

Truco

Truco is the trick game that is played after Flor and Envido. Each partial game consists of three tricks and to win Truco it is necessary to win two of the tricks. Each player plays one of their cards, the highest card wins the trick. The “hand” leads the first trick and the following tricks are led by whoever wins the previous one, unless there is a draw, in which case the player who led that trick leads again.

When more than one player plays the highest card, if they are on the same team they win but if they are on opposing teams, they draw (parda). The tricks are not gathered in, but remain face up in front of the player who won them. If there is no Truco bet, the team that gets the most tricks wins, scoring 1 point. If there is a draw, the Truco bet is won by the team that wins the next trick. If all three tricks result in a draw, the “hand”’s team wins. If the first and second hands result in a draw, it is not necessary to play the third. The same is true if a team wins the first two tricks, because it has already won Truco. A player can bid Truco at any time, usually during the second trick, increasing its value to 2 points. Any member of the opposing team can respond and their response is made on behalf of the whole team. The responses are Okay to accept the raise or Not Okay to admit defeat and lose 1 point.

Retruco. The team that answered “Okay” to Truco can say “Retruco” at any time, raising the bet to 3 points. The responses to Retruco are the same as Truco: Okay to accept and Not okay to reject it and lose 2 points.
Vale cuatro. When a team responds “Okay” to Retruco, they can raise the bet to 4 points by saying “Vale cuatro”. The responses to Vale cuatro are also Okay to accept and Not okay to admit losing Truco, in which case the other team scores 3 points. Vale cuatro is the highest bet in Truco No more bets can now be made and the cards have to be played to discover the winning side. Each one of the bids can only be accepted by saying Okay and only after that can Retruco be bid.
Played card. This means folding by placing the cards face down alongside the deck and withdrawing from the game. If only one player in the team folds, the other one has to play against the opponents with their cards. If both players fold and Truco has not been bid, the other team get 1 point.

SCORING

Truco is normally played to 30 points. The first 15 points are called bad ones and the next 15, good ones. One player one each team keeps score, totting up the points at the end of each partial game.

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